We respectfully introduce the article by Comrade Pham Minh Chinh, Politburo member and Prime Minister, about General Secretary Nguyen Phu Trong.
Comrade Nguyen Phu Trong, General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam, is an exceptionally outstanding leader, a shining example of studying and following Ho Chi Minh's ideology, morality and style, fully embodying the qualities, talents, mettle and intelligence of the generation of Vietnamese leaders in the renovation period, wholeheartedly serving the Fatherland and the People, having great prestige and influence both at home and abroad, making great contributions and dedication to the revolutionary cause of our Party, State and People as well as peace, cooperation and development in the region and the world.
In our infinite sorrow at the passing of General Secretary Nguyen Phu Trong, we recall and cherish even more the shining moral example, a man of great character with sharp theoretical thinking, leaving behind great legacies and making enormous contributions and dedication to the cause of building, developing and defending the Vietnamese Fatherland in the period of renovation. Comrade Nguyen Phu Trong was the first to make the statement, which was approved by the 13th Party Congress and included in the Congress Resolution: “ With all modesty, we can still say that: Our country has never had such a foundation, potential, position and international prestige as it does today .”
Those achievements are the crystallization of creativity, the result of the persistent and continuous efforts through many revolutionary stages and many terms of the entire Party, people and army on the basis of constantly developing and perfecting the theory and organization of implementation of socialism and the path to socialism in Vietnam - That is to firmly adhere to, apply and creatively develop Marxism-Leninism and Ho Chi Minh Thought in conjunction with promoting the fine cultural traditions of the nation and inheriting the intellectual quintessence of humanity; firmly adhere to the goal of national independence and socialism; firmly adhere to the path of innovation; steadfastly uphold the principles of organization and operation of the Party, clearly demonstrated through the Party's Resolutions at the Congresses, the Resolutions of the Central Committee and generalized and systematized in the great theoretical works and works of General Secretary Nguyen Phu Trong, especially the article " Some theoretical and practical issues on socialism and the path to socialism in Vietnam " on the occasion of the 131st anniversary of President Ho Chi Minh's birthday.
Over the past time, along with the steadfast goal of national independence and socialism, we have focused on building and consolidating three fundamental elements: socialist democracy, a socialist rule-of-law state and a socialist-oriented market economy; with the consistent viewpoint of taking people as the center, the subject, the goal, the driving force and the most important resource of development, without sacrificing progress, social justice and the environment to pursue mere economic growth. Through nearly 40 years of innovation under the leadership of the Party, thanks to the drastic participation and efforts of the entire political system, the entire people and the entire army in synchronously, drastically and effectively implementing the guidelines, policies and strategies of the Party and the State, we have overcome many difficulties and challenges and achieved great and historic achievements, confirmed by specific results in various fields and are also vivid and convincing evidence for the summary and general assessment of General Secretary Nguyen Phu Trong.
1. Economic development is the central task; focusing on implementing three strategic breakthroughs in institutions, human resources and infrastructure; promoting industrialization, modernization, restructuring the economy associated with innovation of the growth model, improving productivity, quality, efficiency, and competitiveness; focusing on maintaining macroeconomic stability, controlling inflation, promoting growth, and ensuring major balances of the economy. This is also an important direction emphasized by General Secretary Nguyen Phu Trong when attending Government conferences with localities to deploy annual socio-economic development tasks from 2017 to 2023 and is clearly shown in the Central Committee's Conclusions on annual socio-economic development. We have basically achieved Comrade's wish that the results of the following year must be higher than the previous year in all areas; In which the economy has had clear changes with very proud achievements, highly appreciated by the international community, especially in recent years when we have faced more difficulties and challenges than opportunities and advantages.
After nearly 40 years of Renovation, from a country devastated by many wars, poor, backward, hungry, besieged and embargoed for a long time, 30 Vietnam has risen to become a middle-income country with per capita income reaching about 4,300 USD 2023, up nearly 60 times compared to 1986. Average economic growth reached over 6.5 %/year, among the countries with high growth rates in the region and in the world . The economic scale will reach about 430 billion USD in 2023, ranking 10th. 35 world, increased more than 95 times compared to 1986 .. The basic macroeconomic foundation is stable; the major balances of the economy are guaranteed. Inflation is controlled to only about 4% /year from "galloping" level 3 figures of the early stages of Innovation. Import-export turnover in 2023 reached 68 1 billion USD; trade surplus 8 consecutive years; group 20 The country has the world's leading trade scale [1] . From a country with severe food shortages, Vietnam has become the world's leading rice exporter; in 2023, it will export over 8.1 million tons of rice, contributing to ensuring global food security; Vietnamese agricultural products are present in more than 160 national [2] . Energy security, employment, and balance of labor supply and demand are ensured. State budget deficit, public debt, government debt, and foreign debt of the country are well controlled; public debt in 2023 will be at about 37% GDP, well below the regulatory limit.
The economic structure is shifting positively towards industrialization and modernization; by 2023, the proportion of the agricultural sector will only be about 1 2 % . Growth quality is increasingly improved in the direction of increasing the application of science and technology, improving productivity, quality, efficiency, and competitiveness of the economy and promoting digital transformation, developing green economy, circular economy, sharing economy, and knowledge economy. The investment and business environment is increasingly improved; Vietnam continues to be a bright spot in attracting foreign investment; by 2023, it will attract over 3 9.4 billion USD, realized capital reached 23 .2 billion USD, in the group 20 The world's leading country in attracting FDI; accumulated to date there are 4 0.8 thousand The project is in operation with a total registered capital of approximately 48 7 billion USD. Vietnam has become a manufacturing center, located in the regional and global supply chains of many of the world's leading technology corporations such as Samsung, LG, Intel, Apple, GE, Foxconn... The private sector is encouraged to develop and plays an increasingly important role in the economy with about 900 thousands of businesses in operation.
The socio-economic infrastructure system is prioritized for resources and focused on investment, creating breakthroughs for development, especially strategic transport infrastructure, urban infrastructure, energy infrastructure, telecommunications infrastructure, education infrastructure, healthcare, and climate change response; to date, it has been completed and put into use on the whole country. 2,000 km of highway, striving to reach over 2025 3,000 km; is expanding Tan Son Nhat and Noi Bai airports, building Long Thanh International Airport with a total capacity when fully completed up to 100 million passengers/year, total investment capital of hundreds of thousands of billions of VND and construction of regional and international seaports along with inland waterway transport system; at the same time, actively preparing to build and approve the policy to develop high-speed railway system for the period 2025 - 2030.
2. Paying special attention and always closely directing foreign affairs and diplomacy, at the 32nd Diplomatic Conference on December 19, 2023, General Secretary Nguyen Phu Trong affirmed: " Foreign affairs and diplomacy have promoted new positions and new strengths, the combined strength of the entire nation, more firmly consolidating the open foreign affairs situation, favorable for national development and national defense in the new period". Over the past years, in the context of a very complicated world situation, we have always persistently implemented a foreign policy of independence, self-reliance, peace, friendship, cooperation and development; diversified and multilateralized foreign relations; been a good friend, a reliable partner, an active and responsible member of the international community for the goal of peace, cooperation and development in the region and the world; focused on building an independent, self-reliant and self-reliant economy associated with proactive and active international integration, comprehensively, practically and effectively, and achieved many very important achievements; the country's prestige and position in the international arena have been increasingly consolidated and enhanced.
From a country under siege, embargo lasted for a long time 30 years, up to now Vietnam has established diplomatic relations with 193 country, has strategic partnership and comprehensive partnership with 30 countries, especially comprehensive strategic partnerships or strategic partnerships with all 05 Permanent member of the United Nations Security Council and many G20 countries. Our Party has had relations with 253 party in 115 countries in the world, including 92 Communist Party, 63 ruling party, 38 The party joins the ruling coalition and participates in politics. In recent years, most heads of state and leaders of major countries and important international organizations, including the United Nations, have visited, worked and had a good impression of the country and people of Vietnam; at the same time, the leaders of our Party and State have had many successful visits to countries and partners across continents. Recently, General Secretary Nguyen Phu Trong hosted the reception of the General Secretary, President and President of three major powers: China, the United States and Russia. These efforts have strongly promoted the deepening, stability and sustainability of foreign relations, contributing to strengthening political trust, promoting close and effective cooperation in all fields, especially in education and training, science and technology, labor, culture, people-to-people exchange, local exchange, etc. Vietnam is known to the world as a reliable partner, a safe destination for international investment and tourism, and a responsible member in contributing to solving major regional and world issues.
Vietnam has proactively and actively participated in and successfully undertaken many important international responsibilities; many proposals and initiatives have been recognized at multilateral mechanisms, frameworks and forums, especially the United Nations, ASEAN and partners; and actively contributed to resolving regional and global issues. Strongly shifting from “active participation” arrive "contribute to building and shaping the rules of the game", Vietnam has gradually raised its participation in promoting multilateral processes and institutions based on the common goal of peace, stability, security and development cooperation, on the basis of international law and the principle of equality and mutual benefit among the parties concerned. Economic diplomacy has been promoted, Vietnam has expanded economic and trade relations with more than 230 countries and territories in the world; signed 16 free trade agreement with more than 60 countries, including many large economies. The work of protecting citizens and Vietnamese people abroad [3] , foreign information has been implemented systematically, promptly and effectively, contributing to strengthening the great national unity bloc, preserving and promoting national cultural identity, promoting the image of the country and Vietnamese people to international friends. The above achievements have shown the pioneering role of foreign affairs in creating and maintaining a peaceful and stable environment, mobilizing external resources to develop the country, enhancing the position and prestige of the country. Those achievements have affirmed the correctness of the foreign affairs and diplomacy school. “ Vietnamese bamboo: Firm roots, sturdy trunk, graceful branches, imbued with the soul, character and spirit of the Vietnamese people ” initiated, centrally directed and diligently cultivated by General Secretary Nguyen Phu Trong .
3 . Thoroughly grasp and seriously implement the viewpoint that ensuring national defense and security is an important and regular task; firmly protect national independence, sovereignty, and territorial integrity, protect the Party, State, People, socialist regime, culture, and national and ethnic interests; maintain political stability and a peaceful environment; implement "defense policy" four Are not " [4] ; we have closely combined national defense, security, and foreign affairs in protecting the Fatherland; prioritized resources to consolidate and strengthen national defense and security potential; built a solid national defense posture, a people's security posture, and a solid people's hearts posture; focused on building a revolutionary, disciplined, elite, and modern People's Army and People's Police force with new content and thinking, strong in politics, ideology, and organization, absolutely loyal to the Party, the Fatherland, and the People; organized in the direction of being lean, compact, and strong. The quality of analysis, assessment, forecasting, and strategic advice has been increasingly improved; guidelines and strategies on military, national defense, protecting the Fatherland, and protecting national security continue to be supplemented and perfected in the new situation. Be proactive and ready with plans and solutions to respond to developments, not to be passive or surprised in any situation. At the 8th Conference of the 13th Party Central Committee, General Secretary Nguyen Phu Trong emphasized: “In all situations, firmly protect the independence, sovereignty, unity and territorial integrity of the Fatherland; protect the Party, State, People and Socialist Regime; protect national and ethnic interests".
In recent times, the defense industry and security industry have been focused on and increasingly developed in a modern, dual-use direction, mastering the technology to manufacture and produce many types of weapons and equipment, actively contributing to the cause of promoting the country's industrialization and modernization. Military, defense and security cooperation has been promoted, becoming increasingly substantive and effective. Vietnam has actively and proactively participated in United Nations peacekeeping activities, search and rescue in many countries and regions, and has been highly appreciated by the international community. The defense foreign policy following the diplomatic ideology of " Vietnam Bamboo " is an important strategy, contributing to protecting the Fatherland early, from afar, and preserving the country when it is not yet in danger. We have also summarized practices, supplemented theories on " partners " and " objects ", contributing to the harmonious and appropriate handling of related international issues.
At the same time, we pay special attention to building an orderly, disciplined, secure, safe and healthy society. This is an important task that the entire political system and the entire population pay special attention to, achieving many positive results; in which, many plans and solutions have been implemented to curb the increase and attack, resolutely suppress all types of crime, especially high-tech crime, cyber crime, drug crime on key routes and areas. Strengthen research and application of advanced achievements of science and technology, digital transformation, and transformation of all aspects of crime prevention and control. Improve the effectiveness of state management, promote the combined strength of the entire political system and the masses to participate in the work of protecting security and order. A stable socio-political situation, ensuring security, social order and safety is one of the bright spots and strengths of Vietnam in today's volatile world. Vietnam is ranked as an increasing 4 step up 41 /163 countries and territories in the 2023 Global Peace Index ranking on assessing national peace levels announced by the Institute for Economics and Peace (IEP, Australia).
4 . The fields of culture, society and environment are focused on, ensuring harmony with economic development and achieving many important achievements. The role of culture as a spiritual foundation, an endogenous resource, a breakthrough driving force for national development has been strongly promoted, especially after the 2021 National Cultural Conference with an important speech with profound strategic orientation by General Secretary Nguyen Phu Trong, in which he emphasized the teaching of beloved Uncle Ho " Culture lights the way for the nation to go ", and at the same time pointed out " If culture exists, the nation exists ", " Culture is soul of national ". Implementing the viewpoint of building an advanced culture, imbued with national identity, many traditional cultural values, cultural heritage of the nation are inherited, preserved, embellished, developed and recognized and highly appreciated internationally; up to now, Vietnam has 68 heritage, titles recognized by UNESCO. Cultural institutions are constantly being innovated in content, improving in quality and efficiency of operations. Building a humane society, developing Vietnamese people comprehensively, with good personalities, beautiful lifestyles towards the values of truth - goodness - beauty, has received positive responses from the whole society; the spirit of mutual love, solidarity, respect for affection, respect for justice and social ethics is increasingly promoted and spread positively.
The quality of medical examination, treatment and health care for the people has been increasingly improved; the network of medical facilities has developed widely; and many dangerous epidemics have been proactively and successfully responded. In particular, in preventing and fighting the COVID-19 pandemic, Vietnam has "go back first" [5] with the efforts of the entire political system, the entire people and the effective support and assistance of international friends through “Vaccine diplomacy strategy” . The quality of human resources is increasingly improved; education and training continue to be comprehensively innovated; the national education system is increasingly perfected, approaching international standards; the vocational training quality index is among the leading countries in the ASEAN region; the rate of trained workers has increased from 49 , 14 % 2014 up 68% 2023. Many modern scientific and technological achievements are applied quickly and widely; the startup and innovation ecosystem is promoted and developed; Vietnam's global innovation index (GII) ranks 46/132 2023, increase 13 level compared to 2016. Consistently implementing the policy of not sacrificing progress, social justice, and the environment in exchange for pure economic growth, Vietnam committed to zero net emissions by 2050 at COP26 and early joined the Political Declaration to establish the Just Energy Transition Partnership (JETP), which was highly appreciated by the international community.
Social security is guaranteed, the material and spiritual life of the people is constantly improved with the spirit of " leaving no one behind ". Policies for people with revolutionary contributions, social protection, ensuring social security, and sustainable poverty reduction are given special attention; the poverty rate in 2023 will decrease to 2.93 % over 58% 1993. Vietnam has been recognized and highly appreciated by the world and considered a successful model of hunger eradication and poverty reduction in developing countries over the past 30 years. New rural construction has been promoted, contributing to promoting agricultural industrialization and improving the quality of life of people in rural areas; by the end of 2023, there will be more than 78% number of communes and 2 70 The district meets new rural standards. The rate of health insurance participation is over 93% , approaching the goal of universal health insurance. Vietnam has completed many targets in the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) ahead of schedule and has been recognized by the United Nations as one of the leading countries in efforts to implement the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Child care and protection, youth education, promoting the role of the elderly, gender equality, and women's advancement... have made important strides; Vietnam's average life expectancy has increased over the past 30 years. 9 age, from 65.5 age 1993 up 74.5 age in 2023; Vietnam's human development index (HDI) has improved significantly, much higher than countries with the same income level; Vietnam's happiness index has increased 11 step, from position 65 take position 54/143 countries and territories
5 . Thoroughly grasping the viewpoint that Party building is the “key”, in which cadre work is the “key of the keys”, the work of Party building and rectification in recent times has had many clear and effective changes under the leadership of the Party Central Committee, the Politburo, the Secretariat, headed by General Secretary Nguyen Phu Trong. He affirmed that “ Party building and rectification is always a particularly important task, of vital significance to our Party and our regime ”. Focusing on comprehensive Party building in terms of politics, ideology, ethics, organization and cadres with the spirit of “ Honor is the most sacred and noble thing ”, so that our Party is truly “moral and civilized ”. We have synchronously implemented many solutions to build a clean and strong political system; improve the leadership capacity and fighting strength of Party organizations and Party members; build and train a contingent of cadres with sufficient qualities, abilities, prestige, and equal to the task, especially strategic-level cadres. The close relationship between the Party and the People has been consolidated and strengthened; the People's trust in the Party has been increasingly enhanced on the basis of synchronous and effective implementation of the mechanism. “The Party leads, the State manages, and the People are the masters” and motto “People know, people discuss, people do, people inspect, people supervise, people benefit” . The political system from the central to the grassroots level continues to be consolidated, developed, and its operational efficiency improved; constantly promoting the pioneering, exemplary, respecting, close to the people, trusting, understanding, and learning qualities of cadres and party members; thereby contributing to consolidating and enhancing political and social stability, creating favorable conditions for rapid and sustainable development.
Under the direction of the Central Steering Committee on anti-corruption and anti-negativity, headed by General Secretary Nguyen Phu Trong, the work of anti-corruption and anti-negativity has been carried out strongly, resolutely, persistently, synchronously, with a focus, key points, without forbidden areas, without exceptions, achieving many important results, contributing to building a democratic, disciplined, and honest society, maintaining political stability, and socio-economic development. Many serious economic and corruption cases have been brought to trial, gaining the people's approval and support. At the same time, we continue to focus on building and perfecting policies, guidelines, institutions, and policies on anti-corruption associated with the mechanism of controlling power, preventing abuse of power, violations of discipline, and protecting cadres who dare to think, dare to do, and dare to take responsibility for the common good . Publicity, transparency and accountability in state administrative agencies and the whole society are promoted. Information on mechanisms, policies, management and operation activities on the electronic information portals of state agencies is enhanced, creating favorable conditions for people, businesses, agencies and organizations to grasp and monitor. Practice in recent times shows that the fight against corruption has been promoted, contributing to affirming the role and strengthening the prestige of the Party and State and maintaining the trust of the people, which is highly appreciated by the international community. Vietnam's Corruption Perception Index increases 40 rank, ranking 123 in 2012 to the top 83/180 countries and territories by 2023.
6 . General Secretary Nguyen Phu Trong emphasized: " In any circumstance, we must firmly maintain our ideological stance and always uphold the goals, viewpoints and guidelines of our Party in building and perfecting the socialist rule-of-law state and the legal system of our country." In recent years, the construction of a socialist rule-of-law state of the people, by the people, for the people has achieved many important results and continues to be perfected in terms of theoretical foundations based on practical experience. Special attention has been paid to strategic breakthroughs in institutional improvement; the legal system has been regularly reviewed, amended, supplemented, and perfected, contributing to promoting economic and social development and international integration, including many fundamental laws such as the Constitution, the Penal Code, the Civil Code, the Land Law, the Investment Law, the Enterprise Law, etc. Focusing on building a clean, strong, streamlined, effective, efficient, and constructive state apparatus serving the people, in conjunction with restructuring and improving the quality of the contingent of cadres, civil servants, and public employees; has reduced from 27 ministries and ministerial-level agencies (period 1992 - 1997) down to 22 ministries and ministerial-level agencies today. Decentralization and delegation of power are promoted in conjunction with resource allocation, improving the implementation capacity of subordinates and strengthening inspection, supervision and control of power. Reform of the civil service regime and public finance reform has many positive changes; increasing publicity, transparency and accountability in conjunction with tightening discipline and order in the activities of the State and of cadres, civil servants and public employees. Administrative reform, especially simplification and reduction of administrative procedures, and improvement of the investment and business environment are promoted, contributing to removing difficulties for production and business, creating all favorable conditions for people and businesses.
Implementing the teachings of beloved President Ho Chi Minh " Unity, unity, great unity - Success, success, great success ", our entire Party, army and people always pay special attention to building and consolidating the great national unity bloc, closely linking domestic unity with international unity, combining national strength with the strength of the times - considering this a particularly important fundamental factor in the process of building, developing the country and defending the Fatherland. Under the leadership of the Party, the Vietnam Fatherland Front, socio-political organizations and people's organizations regularly innovate the content and methods of operation, step up propaganda, mobilization, and gathering the masses, promote the spirit of solidarity, unity, joint efforts and consensus, contributing to creating social consensus; promote social supervision and criticism activities associated with enhancing publicity and transparency; focus on participating in building a clean and strong Party, State and political system; play a good role as a bridge between the Party, the State and the People, contributing to strengthening the People's trust in the Party, the State and the socialist regime. The strength of great national unity is increasingly consolidated and enhanced; human rights, civil rights, and the People's right to mastery are increasingly promoted, put into practice and effective, especially in participating in and deciding on major and important issues of the country and mechanisms and policies directly related to social life, demonstrating the good nature and superiority of our regime.
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The great and historic achievements of our country in the past nearly four decades have affirmed the correctness of the renovation, integration and development policy under the leadership of the Party, the leading factor deciding all victories of the Vietnamese revolution, associated with the great contributions of previous generations of leaders, including the important role and outstanding mark of General Secretary Nguyen Phu Trong. He has left a shining example of revolutionary ethics, dedicating all his efforts to the revolutionary cause of the Party for today's and future generations.
Hundreds of thousands of Vietnamese people and hundreds of international delegations came to pay their respects and see him off in person; thousands of delegations from other countries and tens of thousands of foreigners came to pay their respects at Vietnamese representative agencies abroad; hundreds of countries and international organizations sent their condolences; millions and millions of Vietnamese people of all ages, genders, ethnicities, religions and beliefs, especially the young generation, expressed their infinite sorrow at the passing of General Secretary Nguyen Phu Trong. Those images demonstrated the respectful feelings and deep attachment of compatriots and soldiers nationwide, overseas Vietnamese as well as international friends to the stature of an exceptionally outstanding leader of our Party, State and People. [6] ; at the same time, it also shows the People's steadfast belief in the glorious Communist Party of Vietnam and the heroic, civilized and cultural country of Vietnam.
Firmly apply and creatively develop Marxism-Leninism and Ho Chi Minh Thought and continue to consistently implement the policy of innovation, integration and development; firmly adhere to the goal of national independence and socialism; focus on building and rectifying the Party and the political system to be clean and strong in all aspects; build a streamlined State that operates effectively and efficiently; widely practice and promote socialist democracy; highly promote the combined strength, creativity, will and aspirations of the entire nation and the entire political system combined with the strength of the times; we firmly believe that our country will certainly develop more and more properly and beautifully, our people will certainly have a more prosperous and happier life, as beloved President Ho Chi Minh always expected and previous generations, including General Secretary Nguyen Phu Trong, have wholeheartedly strived and devoted their whole lives.
Comrade General Secretary Nguyen Phu Trong will forever belong to our Fatherland, our People and the cause of our country's renewal. Continuing his efforts, contributions, dedication and following his shining example, today's and future generations should further promote the spirit of solidarity. “First call, then follow”, “One call, hundreds respond”, “Unanimously united”, “Continuous throughout” and the achievements that have been made, striving to overcome all difficulties and challenges, maintaining and further promoting the country's foundation, potential, position and prestige, successfully carrying out the cause of industrialization and modernization, bringing our country firmly on the path of rapid and sustainable development.
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[1] Total import-export turnover in 2022 reached 732 billion USD; entering 2024, import and export recovered strongly despite many difficulties, reaching a record level in the first 6 months of the year 368.5 billion USD, increase 17.5 % compared to the same period in 2023.
[2] In 2023, agricultural export turnover will reach more than 53 billion USD; in the first 7 months of 2024, it will reach over 34 billion USD, increase 18.8% compared to the same period last year.
[3] The Vietnamese community abroad currently has about 6 million people.
[4] “ Right The "four no's" defense policy includes: not participating in military alliances; not aligning with one country to fight another; not allowing foreign countries to set up military bases or use territory to fight against other countries; not using force or threatening to use force in international relations.
[5] According to the assessment of General Secretary Nguyen Phu Trong at the Conference summarizing the work in 2022 and deploying the tasks in 2023 of the Government with localities.
[6] This once again proves the assertion of General Secretary Nguyen Phu Trong: “With all modesty, we can still say that: Our country has never had the foundation, potential, position and international prestige as it does today.”
PHAM MINH CHINH
Member of Politburo, Prime Minister
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